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World of CitrusWorld of CitrusSwingle Citrumelo
Givaudan Citrus Variety Collection at UCR
https://citrusvariety.ucr.edu/crc3771 (opens in a new tab)
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Nick C · Tropical Fruit Forum · Cold Hardy Citrus · May 30th, 2024
https://www.tropicalfruitforum.com/index.php?topic=47019.msg524535#msg524535 (opens in a new tab)
First-hand forum account, paraphrased; not an independently verified trial. Context and follow-up posts: https://www.tropicalfruitforum.com/index.php?topic=47019.msg524133#msg524133 https://www.tropicalfruitforum.com/index.php?topic=47019.msg507947#msg507947
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FFSP · 2014-05
https://www.ffsp.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Citrus-Rootstock-Overview.pdf (opens in a new tab)
FFSP 2014 Citrus Rootstock Overview p.14 lists Swingle Citrumelo as a control/comparison rootstock in the St Helena trial table. The table context used here does not identify a scion for this control entry; no scion-specific performance, compatibility, or rootstock-effect claim is attached.
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E. S. Louzada et al. · Euphytica · November 2008
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-008-9701-x (opens in a new tab)
ResearchGate-recovered abstract. In a six-year South Texas high-pH, calcareous-soil field trial of 10 rootstocks with Rio Red grapefruit scion, Swingle citrumelo showed leaf chlorosis and decreased size, with most of the trees dying after a few years. Abstract-only retrieval; no full methods, tables, or individual-tree data were reviewed.
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The Mulberries · YouTube · 2025-01-24
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptwl1aaYYUQ (opens in a new tab)
Summary from transcript: Swingle Citrumelo looked completely unaffected in the field row after the reported cold event (21:05–21:35).
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Larry K. Jackson and Stephen H. Futch · University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/CH072 (opens in a new tab)
Retrieved UF/IFAS extension page. In Minneola scion context, it says Swingle citrumelo may restrain ultimate tree size and reports some side-by-side Minneola observations with better bearing on Swingle than Cleopatra; no trial design or measurements are supplied.
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The Mulberries · YouTube · 2026-07-05
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=526cVoe8GIg (opens in a new tab)
Summary from transcript: English automatic captions reviewed 0:01–18:40 of 18:42. The Thomasville scion/rootstock experiments are site-specific and ongoing; raw timestamped capture is retained in the Thomasville citrangequat research archive.
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Kim D. Bowman and Greg McCollum · HortScience 50(11):1731–1734 · November 2015
https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.50.11.1731 (opens in a new tab)
Hamlin sweet-orange yield on rootstocks in two Florida trials; performance depended on site, disease and management. Values describe grafted scion trees, not rootstock fruit traits.
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The Mulberries · YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fznEpaSikKk (opens in a new tab)
Summary from transcript: English auto-captions reviewed 0:01–30:55; exact publication date was not verified. The video identifies both varieties and describes Swingle separately. Initial locally dropped Dunstan fruit are explicitly said to be undersized and nonrepresentative (0:33–1:16); the relationship between those fruit, a mentioned planned Stan-supplied review, and later tasting samples is not fully established. Swingle’s final chart is at 29:40–29:46.
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themulberries · Growing Fruit · 12 August 2026
https://growingfruit.org/t/citrus-in-zone-5/3194/104 (opens in a new tab)
In post 104, the grower describes Swingle seedlings from their own seed-growing experience: fewer than 5% were off-types, while several variants were recognized. This is an observed off-type fraction in one grower’s seedlings, not a genotyped or general zygotic percentage.
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Virginia Fruit Grower · YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkmAfuvdI1c (opens in a new tab)
Summary from transcript: English auto-generated captions reviewed for this 38:11 video. At 8:59–10:56 the presenter identifies, opens, and tastes a separate Swingle Citrumelo fruit, describing seediness, aroma, and flavor. This record concerns fruit, not rootstock performance; no location, rootstock, or sample harvest date is given.
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Growing Fruit forum · 2026-07-26
https://growingfruit.org/t/swingle-citrumelo-zone-7/81408 (opens in a new tab)
The thread’s opening post by clarkinks reports that Swingle citrumelos shown in an embedded video survived dips to 6°F and yielded heavily; the linked video is not independently verified here, and exposure duration, protection, and rootstock are unspecified. The author separately describes their own McKenzie Farms Swingle with trifoliate leaves and notes that many Zone 7 growers protect trees with incandescent lights and bags. In post 10, themulberries describes Swingle recovery after damage and personal fruit impressions; the separate 0°F and tart-fruit account in that post concerns a grafted Dunstan citrumelo, not Swingle.
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The Mulberries · YouTube · 2024-12-05
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIJXTR71wTA (opens in a new tab)
Summary from transcript: English auto-generated captions reviewed from 0:01–49:34 of this 49:37 video. At 0:33–0:44, the presenter distinguishes his North Carolina standard Swingle fruit from a standard Swingle supplied by Alan Bishop from his South Carolina tree. These specimens are kept separate from the video’s Iva/Bishop selection and unidentified “Dingle” nursery sample; no sample harvest date or rootstock is stated.
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Citrus Australia / Auscitrus · Last revised July 2003
https://citrusaustralia.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Swingle.pdf (opens in a new tab)
Two-page rootstock factsheet, last revised July 2003. It describes Swingle rootstock performance in Australian growing regions, including cold and soil adaptation, and compatibility with particular scions. Fruit-quality and yield comments apply to navel-orange scions grafted on Swingle, not fruit of Swingle citrumelo itself.
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Bill Castle; Ed Stover · University of Florida IFAS Extension · April 2001
https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/IR/00/00/16/62/00001/CH14800.pdf (opens in a new tab)
Four-page UF/IFAS Extension publication HS-801 (April 2001) reviewing Florida use of Swingle citrumelo as a rootstock. It discusses site-dependent performance on calcareous or poorly drained soils and compatibility with named scions; reported yields and fruit observations concern grafted scion trees, not Swingle fruit.
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Sweet Home Alabama Homestead · YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwsbN_o9ixs (opens in a new tab)
Summary from transcript: English auto-generated captions reviewed from 0:01–4:34 of this 4:36 video. The speaker says their zone-7 Swingle tree went through a reported 6°F low with one strand of Christmas lights near the base and no cover or lights above; a few branches died and were trimmed (3:20–3:52). No temperature duration, measurement method, exact site, tree age, rootstock, or harvest date is given.
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Tough Citrus · YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-dYtDmmze8 (opens in a new tab)
Summary from transcript: English auto-generated captions reviewed from 0:00–10:41 of this 10:42 video; the final caption is clipped to a single fragment. The speaker reports a Swingle that had taken an 8°F freeze with no damage (0:31–0:58), but gives no event date, location, duration, protection, rootstock, or tree age. Separate zone-7/8 and below-zero grower statements are retained as distinct, qualified accounts; no hardiness threshold is established.
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Sweet Home Alabama Homestead · YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sW9VDBqmzDg (opens in a new tab)
Summary from transcript: English auto-generated captions reviewed from 0:02–8:11 of this 8:14 video. The speaker picks and tastes lemon-shaped and rounder/orange-shaped Swingle fruits (1:38–1:55; 3:38–3:53; 5:16–7:57), describing contrasting aroma, trifoliate-like aftertaste, and bitterness. Multiple trees are discussed, so the transcript does not establish whether both samples came from one tree or a stable selection; branch-trait explanations are explicitly speculation.
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Mourão Filho, F. A. A.; Girardi, E. A.; Zarate do Couto, H. T. · Scientia Horticulturae 120(2):207–212 · 2009-04-02
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2008.11.001 (opens in a new tab)
This paper concerns propagation of Swingle citrumelo as a rootstock, not fruit quality. The retrieved publisher abstract describes Valencia sweet-orange scions budded onto cuttings from eight-month-old Swingle rootstocks, comparison of cutting types and IBA treatment, and identifies pre-budded hardwood cuttings as a nursery-tree option and softwood cuttings with one leaf pair for rapid multiplication/inarching. Full paper was unavailable; claims are limited to the abstract.
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Bauer, M.; Castle, W. S.; Boman, B. J.; Obreza, T. A. · Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 118 (2005) · 2005
A survey of commercial citrus blocks on Swingle citrumelo rootstock in Florida’s Indian River region. The authors assessed tree longevity and performance in relation to soil series and landscape position; the survey is observational and subject to selection of blocks available for assessment. It concerns grafted citrus scions on Swingle rootstock, not fruit produced by Swingle citrumelo.
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Gary Sivager; Leny Calvez; Saturnin Bruyere; Rosiane Boisne-Noc; Barbara Hufnagel; Gerardo Cebrian-Torrejon; Antonio Doménech-Carbó; Olivier Gros; Patrick Ollitrault; Raphaël Morillon · Frontiers in Plant Science 13, article 1030862 · 2022-11-03
Official full text of the supplied paper (also available at PMC; DOI 10.3389/fpls.2022.1030862). The experiment compares diploid and tetraploid Swingle 4475 rootstocks, including tetraploid material derived by chromosome duplication, grafted with Mexican lime SRA140 or triploid Persian lime SRA58 scions. Better HLB tolerance was associated with tetraploid rootstock, particularly in the triploid Persian lime combination. Fruit production and mass reported in the paper are for the lime scions, not Swingle fruit.
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Sauer Liberato, É. M.; Leonel, S.; Azevedo Souza, J. M.; Napoleão, G. M. · Nativa 9(5):500–507 · 2021
https://doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v9i5.12777 (opens in a new tab)
The official journal abstract describes a two-stage substrate experiment during production of Swingle citrumelo rootstock seedlings and reports that mixtures containing 30% rice hulls hampered seedling development. The supplied ResearchGate Figure 6 URL is an illustration from this same article, not a separate study. This evidence concerns nursery seedlings/rootstock, not mature-tree or fruit traits. Only the official abstract was retrieved for this source.
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Citrus Rootstocks
https://citrusrootstocks.org/rootstock-cultivars/ (opens in a new tab)
The index lists Swingle parentage as Citrus paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata and its USDA release date as 1974. The table does not report selection, field performance, release contributors, or other historical events.
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Tom McClendon · YouTube · 2026-05-03
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKHh1ODKfhI (opens in a new tab)
Summary from transcript: English auto-captions reviewed 0:02–22:54 of this 22:56 video. At 12:07–12:39, Tom McClendon reports that a buck used a Swingle Citrumelo tree as a scrape the previous fall, causing visible damage. He says he protected the tree somewhat afterward and thought it was recovering; he explicitly distinguishes the damage from cold injury. The damage date, extent, and protection details are not quantified.
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H. K. Wutscher and A. V. Shull · Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 101(2):158–161 · March 1976
https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.101.2.158 (opens in a new tab)
Partial page-158 reader text, including the abstract, retrieved from the ResearchGate article page; official ASHS metadata page verifies citation details. The abstract reports Marrs scion trees on Swingle citrumelo as more productive than on Texas sour orange, Cleopatra mandarin, and eight other rootstocks; fruit from Swingle-rooted trees was large, with Brix 0.8 percentage points lower than Texas-sour-orange-rooted trees and similar acid content. Only the abstract comparison is used here; later tables/results were not captured directly.
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Greg McCollum and Kim D. Bowman · HortScience 52(4):541–546 · 2017-04-01
https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI11435-16 (opens in a new tab)
Peer-reviewed trial of Ray Ruby grapefruit scions on seven rootstocks in a commercial Indian River County, Florida orchard, with 2012–14 harvests. This record is cited only for the trial’s comparative fruit-size result for Swingle as a rootstock; it does not describe fruit borne by Swingle itself.
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Anas Fadli; Ayoub El Attaoui; Ouiam Chetto; et al. · Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences 8(11):4085–4093 · 2017
https://www.jmaterenvironsci.com/Document/vol8/vol8_N11/430-JMES-2804-Fadli.pdf (opens in a new tab)
Full article and figure reviewed. The study compared Sacaton and Swingle rootstock cuttings from two-year-old greenhouse seedlings, with 24-hour IAA, IBA, or NAA pretreatments and six weeks under greenhouse conditions. This citation supports juvenile cutting-propagation results, not mature-tree, fruit, or cold-hardiness claims.
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Northwest Citrus and more · YouTube · 2021-12-31
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qa4-vMkQWiY (opens in a new tab)
Summary from transcript: English auto-generated captions reviewed 0:01–3:23 of the 3:26 video. The speaker identifies a Swingle citrumelo in southwest Washington, reports it regrew from roots after a warm spell followed by frost the prior spring, and separately says dormant trees had survived temperatures in the teens. The current reported 18°F is not identified as the earlier frost-event temperature; duration, tree age and rootstock are unstated.
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Josue (as supplied by user) · Citrus Growers Forum (ProBoards) · November 12, 2020
https://citrusgrowersv2.proboards.com/thread/674/hardy-citrus-reviews-taste (opens in a new tab)
User-provided excerpt attributed to Josue’s four-taster group report, with fruit obtained from Stan McKenzie the prior week in South Carolina zone 8a. This entry records only the Swingle portion. The underlying thread has not been independently retrieved; exact accession, fruit count, maturity, and method are not stated. Four tasters is the number of tasters, not a stated fruit sample count.
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Sangeeta Sen; Vibha Dhawan · International Journal of Fruit Science 10(1):65–78 · 2010-03-31 (published online)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15538361003676801 (opens in a new tab)
The publisher-indexed full-article text exposed the abstract, methods, results/discussion, and conclusion; direct full-page and PDF opens returned 403. This citation is used for its adult-tree nodal micropropagation protocol and reported in-vitro/nursery outcomes only. No article table was independently retrieved or visually inspected; this is not orchard-performance or fruit-trait evidence.
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Eduardo Augusto Girardi; Thales Sandoval Cerqueira; Tatiana Eugenia Cantuarias-Avilés; Samuel Ribeiro da Silva; Eduardo Sanches Stuchi · Embrapa · 2017
Rain-fed field trial planted in 2001 at Bebedouro, northern São Paulo, comparing Sunki mandarin and Swingle citrumelo rootstocks under six Valencia selections and Natal IAC sweet-orange scions. The abstract reports Sunki-rooted trees were 38% larger and had 21% greater production per plant, while Swingle had greater production efficiency and juice percentage and lower soluble solids/acidity. These are grafted sweet-orange trial outcomes, not Swingle fruit traits.
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Maria Aparecida da Cruz; Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro Neves; Deived Uilian de Carvalho; Ronan Carlos Colombo; Jinhe Bai; Inês Fumiko Ubukata Yada; Rui Pereira Leite Junior; Zuleide Hissano Tazima · Frontiers in Plant Science · 2021-12-20
Nine-season trial in northern Paraná of Emperor mandarin scions on five rootstocks, including Swingle citrumelo. The paper reports early fruiting and high yield efficiency for Emperor on Swingle, describes low graft affinity for that combination, and discusses HLB susceptibility in the scion. These findings are specific to the grafted Emperor trees and study site; they are not Swingle fruit measurements or universal rootstock outcomes.
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William S. Castle; James C. Baldwin · Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society · 2010
Castle and Baldwin, Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 123:78–81 (2010), report one unreplicated Basinger, Florida planting of Parson Brown clone PB-S-F-56-2-XE on 19 rootstocks. Yields were measured over nine seasons (1992–93 through 2000–01); the authors did not statistically compare means. Rootstock-specific outcomes are confined to this clone and planting, not own-fruit or general cultivar traits.
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Rayane Barcelos Bisi; Ute Albrecht; Kim D. Bowman · HortScience 55(4):528–532 · 2020-03-05
https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19 (opens in a new tab)
Bisi, Albrecht & Bowman 2020 seed and seedling study; Swingle seeds for the seedling trial were purchased commercially because Swingle fruit was unavailable then. Exact Swingle nursery rows and the source/method limits are retained in the cited plant observation; no Swingle seed-tree fruit or scion fruit/taste claim is made.
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Kim D. Bowman · Growing Produce · 2010-03-23
Bowman reports an Osceola County Hamlin rootstock trial. At eight years, Hamlin on US-802 was over three feet taller and wider and significantly more productive than Swingle; at age 18, reported heights were about 20 ft on US-802, 15 ft on Swingle and 9 ft on US-897. The article gives no replication, sample size, measurement method, or uncertainty. These are grafted Hamlin observations at one site, not Swingle fruit or scion performance.
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Kim D. Bowman and Greg McCollum · USDA Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory
The presentation reports site-specific Valencia yields for Swingle Citrumelo in two Las-positive cooperative trials: Lake Wales (2012–2015 cumulative 397 lb/tree; US-802 388) and Silver Strand Grove (2010, 2012, 2013, and 2016 cumulative 544 lb/tree; US-802 765). Lake Wales trees were planted in 2008 (21/rootstock, seven randomized replicates); Silver Strand trees were planted in 2002 (18/rootstock, six replicates). The cover/slides give no presentation date. Values describe grafted Valencia yield on each rootstock, not Swingle fruit or universal performance.
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Turgut Yeşiloğlu; Bilge Yılmaz; Berken Çimen; Meral İncesu · Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences · 2014
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/142266 (opens in a new tab)
The paper reports a 2013 Adana trial using Henderson grapefruit as the scion on Swingle citrumelo, among five rootstock treatments. Trees were planted in 1997; six replicates per combination were used, with random samples of 25 fruit per tree at optimum late-November or early-December harvest. Results concern the Henderson–Swingle citrumelo graft combination, not Swingle citrumelo fruit or a universal rootstock trait.
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🍋Virginia Fruit Grower🌱 · YouTube · 2026-02-01
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpxESUtUtOc (opens in a new tab)
Summary from transcript: English native YouTube transcript reviewed 0:02–4:42 of this 4:47 video; the English caption-track designation is unspecified. The presenter shows a Swingle Citrumelo at 2:16–2:30. At 2:16 he says a fruit is still hanging; at 2:24 he says “Almost all these trees are defoliated” in a broad reference to nearby trees. The transcript does not establish whether this Swingle itself is defoliated. The site-wide freeze and snow context gives no tree-specific minimum, exposure duration, age, rootstock, or controlled cold-response result. The page describes several days below freezing and snow, and the presenter mentions site temperatures around 19°F and mid/upper teens; these are general site conditions, not measured exposure at this tree.
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Kim D. Bowman; Lynn Faulkner; Mike Kesinger · HortScience 51(10):1208–1214 · 2016
https://journals.ashs.org/view/journals/hortsci/51/10/article-p1208.xml (opens in a new tab)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI10970-16. Full-text copy used for review: https://ccpp.ucr.edu/onlineOrdersV2/assets/uploads/files/2016__K_D__Bowman%2C_L__Faulkner%2C_New_Citrus_Rootstocks_Released_by_USDA_2001-2010%2C_Field_Performance_and_Nursery_Characteristics.pdf.
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Marco Caruso; Gaetano Distefano; Donata Pietro Paolo; Stefano La Malfa; Giuseppe Russo; Alessandra Gentile; Giuseppe Reforgiato Recupero · Scientia Horticulturae 180: 199–206 · 2014-12-17
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.10.024 (opens in a new tab)
Primary research article. The accessible University of Catania IRIS record provides the article abstract and identifies an editorial-version PDF restricted to repository managers. The publisher full-text page was inaccessible during review. Findings recorded here are limited to the abstract: controlled Alemow × Swingle and Cleopatra × Swingle progenies, HRM hybrid screening, and leaf-form results. The combined progeny count does not provide separate cross totals; unifoliate frequency is not a zygotic-origin rate.
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