Kawano Wase Satsuma

Kawano Wase is an early-maturing satsuma whose immediate selection origin remains uncertain. A 2025 chapter attributes it to clonal selection of Owari, while UCR lists the parents of CRC 1851 as unknown. The Zairai selection relationship shown here has not been confirmed by those sources.^⁠[4]⁠[1]

UCR identifies CRC 1851 / PI 539688 and records receipt as live trees from French Gilman, Banning, California, in 1928. A 1985 note names Dr. T. Tanaka’s 1928 visit and quotes an earlier Swingle transfer account; this is accession provenance, not the date or place of Kawano Wase’s original selection.^⁠[1]

An Opuzen study harvested Kawano Wase fruit on 15 November 2021 and reported mean mass 112.68 ± 13.45 g, juice TSS 11.68 ± 0.70% and pH 3.52 ± 0.12. A separate 2022 study of certified planting material on Poncirus trifoliata reported total aroma volatiles of 334.04 µg kg⁻¹. These laboratory results describe study lots, not CRC 1851, and are not sensory scores.^⁠[5]⁠[7]

A 1975 abstract says Kawano Wase juice-sac long-chain hydrocarbon profiles differed from the other named cultivars; its full text was not available for this review. A 2025 nine-tree study grouped Kawano Wase by yield efficiency and reported differences in yield density, titratable acidity and TSS/TA, while mean-fruit-mass differences were not significant. Neither report identifies a UCR accession.^⁠[3]⁠[4]

UCR lists CRC 1851’s Riverside ripening season as October to December. In a 23 November 1988 note, an observer compared CRC 1851 with Okitsu CRC 3820, reporting that Kawano fruit remained partly green while Okitsu was better colored; both were considered sweet and ready to eat, with similar flavor. A Valdosta presentation lists Kawano Wase under an “Octoberish” ripening heading, but supplies no measured harvest date.^{⁠[1]⁠[2]⁠[8]}

An Opuzen flowering study (2014–2016) measured mean Kawano Wase nectar volume of 22.79 µL per flower and mean nectar sugar concentration of 20.66% (N=720 flower observations for each measure). These are flower-nectar readings, not fruit results or tree counts.^⁠[6]

The 2007 CCPP availability table places Kawano Wase Satsuma in its “Seedless Varieties” column, which it defines as “seedless” with only an occasional seed regardless of planting location. This is a program-table classification, not a counted fruit sample or a CRC 1851 test.^⁠[9]